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Bhārat Mātā (Hindi, from Sanskrit , ''Bhārata Mātā''), ''Mother India'', or ''Bhāratāmbā'' (Sanskrit: ; अम्बा ''ambā'' means 'mother') is the national personification of India as a mother goddess. She is an amalgam of all the goddesses of Indian culture and more significantly of goddess Durga. She is usually depicted as a woman clad in a saffron sari holding the Indian national flag, and sometimes accompanied by a lion.〔(Visualizing space in Banaras: images, maps, and the practice of representation ), Martin Gaenszle, Jörg Gengnagel, illustrated, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-447-05187-3〕 ==Historic perspective== The image of Bhāratmātā formed with the Indian independence movement of the late 19th century. A play by Kiran Chandra Bannerjee, ''Bhārat Mātā'', was first performed in 1873. Bankim Chandra Chatterji's 1882 novel ''Anandamath'' introduced the hymn "Vande Mātaram",〔Kinsley, David. ''(Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions )''. Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi, India. ISBN 81-208-0379-5. pp. 181-182.〕 which soon became the song of the emerging freedom movement in India. Bipin Chandra Pal elaborated its meaning in idealizing and idealist terms, along with Hindu philosophical traditions and devotional practices. It represented an archaic spiritual essence, a transcedental idea of Universe as well as expressing Universal Hinduism and nationhood.〔(Producing India ), Manu Goswami, Orient Blackswan, 2004, ISBN 978-81-7824-107-4〕 Abanindranath Tagore portrayed Bhārat Mātā as a four-armed Hindu goddess wearing saffron-colored robes, holding the vedas, sheaves of rice, a mala, and a white cloth.〔(Specters of Mother India: the global restructuring of an empire ), Mrinalini Sinha, Zubaan, 2006, ISBN 978-81-89884-00-0〕 The image of Bharatmata was an icon to create nationalist feeling in Indians during the freedom struggle. Sister Nivedita, an admirer of the painting, opined that the picture was refined and imaginative, with Bharatmata standing on green earth and blue sky behind her; feet with four lotuses, four arms meaning divine power; white halo and sincere eyes; and gifts Shiksha-Diksha-Anna-Bastra of motherland to her children.〔(The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India ), Sumathi Ramaswamy, Duke University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8223-4610-4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bharat Mata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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